{"id":280,"date":"2022-02-11T20:10:52","date_gmt":"2022-02-11T18:10:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/?p=280"},"modified":"2022-12-17T13:38:21","modified_gmt":"2022-12-17T11:38:21","slug":"symbols-terms-paper-electronic-navigational-charts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/ar\/marine-charts\/symbols-terms-paper-electronic-navigational-charts\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(* \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <strong>NOAA <\/strong>- \u0627\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov\/publications\/docs\/us-chart-1\/ChartNo1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 ENCs)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (\u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (ENC) \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (ECDIS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov\/publications\/docs\/us-chart-1\/ChartNo1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov\/publications\/docs\/us-chart-1\/ChartNo1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/noaa-chart-12-600x404-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/noaa-chart-12-600x404-1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/noaa-chart-12-600x404-1-300x237.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"666\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/symbols-abbreviations-terms-navigational-charts-1-666x455-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/symbols-abbreviations-terms-navigational-charts-1-666x455-1.jpg 666w, https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/symbols-abbreviations-terms-navigational-charts-1-666x455-1-300x205.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 666px) 100vw, 666px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"668\" height=\"482\" src=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/symbols-abbreviations-terms-navigational-charts-2-668x482-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/symbols-abbreviations-terms-navigational-charts-2-668x482-1.jpg 668w, https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/symbols-abbreviations-terms-navigational-charts-2-668x482-1-300x216.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"672\" height=\"482\" src=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/symbols-abbreviations-terms-navigational-charts-6-672x482-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/symbols-abbreviations-terms-navigational-charts-6-672x482-1.jpg 672w, https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/symbols-abbreviations-terms-navigational-charts-6-672x482-1-300x215.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>15 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 - \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!-- HFCM by 99 Robots - Snippet # 15: Google AdSence (MC) - MULTIPLEX (hori-resp) - YX celest -->\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9091220487871423\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"autorelaxed\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9091220487871423\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4131667809\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<!-- \/end HFCM by 99 Robots -->\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 ECDIS \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a ECDIS \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (ENCs) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (ECDIS) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 ECDIS \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1 \u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 ECDIS. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0632 ECDIS \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a ECDIS \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648 ENCs \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 ECDIS \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 ECDIS \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a&quot; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f ECDIS &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631. (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 ECDIS \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 ECDIS.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 ECDIS \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 &quot;\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631&quot;. \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0631\u0645\u0632 INT. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u061b \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u061b \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645. \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u061b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a AIS \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u061b \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644 <strong>ECDIS <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 ECDIS \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a ECDIS \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a ECDIS \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1. \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 NOAA \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 ASSIST \u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a (NOAA) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649: <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov\/customerservice\/assist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov\/customerservice\/assist<\/a><\/em>,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>National Ocean Service\u060c NOAA (N \/ CS2) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645: \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1315 East West Highway Silver Spring\u060c MD 20912-3282<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u060c<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629&quot;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648 <em>\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a ECDIS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 28<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 ECDIS 47<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a ECDIS 69<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 90<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 111<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 117<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 1 \u060c IALA Maritime Buoyage System 128<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<!-- HFCM by 99 Robots - Snippet # 9: Google AdSence (MC) - in-FEED Text Only (YX - celest BaGr) -->\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9091220487871423\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\r\n     data-ad-layout-key=\"-g6-2f-14-28+q2\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9091220487871423\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4565662512\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<!-- \/end HFCM by 99 Robots -->\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0637\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 E<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 F<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u060c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0646 \u060c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>O (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0648<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Q \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/ChartNo1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b - \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 ENCs)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u062c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"362\" src=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/seven-danger-nautical-chart-symbols.jpg\" alt=\"\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\" class=\"wp-image-1337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/seven-danger-nautical-chart-symbols.jpg 660w, https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/seven-danger-nautical-chart-symbols-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/seven-danger-nautical-chart-symbols-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u0643 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u062d\u0643<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &quot;\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646&quot; \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631<\/strong><br>\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 (\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2 - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629)<\/strong><br>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 - \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631&quot; - \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f (\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639<\/strong><br>\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/strong><br>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 &quot;Obstn&quot; \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 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[]).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<!-- \/end HFCM by 99 Robots -->\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0648\u0644 - \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong><br>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 &quot;Shoal Rep&quot; \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629 (&quot;Rep&quot;) \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PA - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<br>PD - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647<br>ED - \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647<br>\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 - \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647<br>SD - \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0625\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a &quot;\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1: \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a&quot; \u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov\/mcd\/chartno1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a www.skippertips.com. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 &quot;Captain John&#039;s Sailing Tip-of-the-Week&quot;. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: https:\/\/www.sail-world.com\/Australia\/Know-these-seven-danger-nautical-chart-symbols\/-107197\u061fsource=google)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 YOUTUBE \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PZYlAtjhlto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627!\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PZYlAtjhlto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/searchworks.stanford.edu\/view\/10267790\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/searchworks.stanford.edu\/view\/11662968\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/searchworks.stanford.edu\/view\/5445484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 NAUTICAL CHART SYMBOLS &amp; ABBREVIATIONS (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.apple.com\/us\/app\/nautical-chart-symbols-abbreviations\/id687296241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 iTunes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=chart.test.com&amp;hl=el&amp;gl=US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a> (\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0649)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/openc247.com\/landing\/services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/digital-marine-charts-openc247-3-1080x608-1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\" class=\"wp-image-1441\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/digital-marine-charts-openc247-3-1080x608-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/digital-marine-charts-openc247-3-1080x608-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/digital-marine-charts-openc247-3-1080x608-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/digital-marine-charts-openc247-3-1080x608-1-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/digital-marine-charts-openc247-3-1080x608-1.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/openc247.com\/landing\/services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OpenC247.com - \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"see-also-glossary-of-nautical-charts-terms-used-in-the-maritime-industry\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:&nbsp;<a href=\"\/ar\/marine-charts\/marine-chart-glossary\/\">\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/a> - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627: <a href=\"https:\/\/waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca\/Library\/chs-shc-chart1-carte1-2019-41033954.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (SNCs \u060c RNCs) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (ENCs)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnhs.gr\/index.php\/en\/?option=com_opencart&amp;Itemid=268&amp;route=product\/product&amp;path=60&amp;product_id=245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a - INT1<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kartverket.no\/globalassets\/til-sjos\/nautiske-publikasjoner\/symboler-og-forkortelser-i-norske-sjokart.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (NHS) - INT1<\/a> &quot;Symboler og forkortelser i norske sj\u00f8kart&quot;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627: <a href=\"\/ar\/marine-charts\/abbreviations-used-in-nautical-charts\/\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"see-also-the-shipping-glossary-offered-by-hellenic-shipping-news\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:&nbsp;<a href=\"\/ar\/marine-navigation\/maritime-shipping-glossary\/\">\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \/ \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"see-also-symbols-and-terms-used-on-navigational-charts-paper-and-electronic\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627: <a href=\"\/ar\/marine-charts\/symbols-terms-paper-electronic-navigational-charts\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (SNCs \u060c RNCs) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (ENCs)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(* source: NOAA &#8211; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA), the American scientific and regulatory agency &#8211; Symbols, Abbreviations and Terms used on Paper and Electronic Nautical Charts ENCs) Paper and Electronic Navigational Charts: Symbols, Abbreviations and Terms used on Marine Navigation Charts&nbsp; see a full list of symbols used on paper nautical charts [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":301,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,6,7],"tags":[40,33,35,32,42,38,39,34,41,37],"class_list":["post-280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-marine-charts","category-digital-marine-charts","category-paper-marine-charts","tag-abbreviations","tag-glossary","tag-marine-charts","tag-nautical-charts","tag-navigational-charts","tag-passage-planning","tag-symbols","tag-terminology","tag-terms","tag-voyage-planning"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=280"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}