{"id":2971,"date":"2023-11-10T14:20:05","date_gmt":"2023-11-10T12:20:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/?p=2971"},"modified":"2023-11-10T14:33:40","modified_gmt":"2023-11-10T12:33:40","slug":"the-invisible-networks-that-drive-the-global-economy-the-5-weak-links","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/tr\/maritime-shipping\/the-invisible-networks-that-drive-the-global-economy-the-5-weak-links\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcresel ekonomiyi y\u00f6nlendiren g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez a\u011flar \u2013 5 zay\u0131f halka"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kablolar, boru hatlar\u0131, yollar, deniz bo\u011fazlar\u0131, hava yollar\u0131 ve uydular, k\u00fcresel ekonominin \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi\u011fi k\u0131r\u0131lgan a\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Bunlar, k\u00fcresel tedarik zinciri ve modern ya\u015fam i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez a\u011flard\u0131r; ancak bunlar yaln\u0131zca Ukrayna veya \u0130srail'deki gibi bir sava\u015f bu stratejik noktalardan birini tehdit etti\u011finde hat\u0131rlan\u0131r. Deutsche Bank'\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 k\u00fcresel ekonominin be\u015f zay\u0131f halkas\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor. Yani bir alternatifle de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyen ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00fcresel tedarik zincirini bloke edebilecek altyap\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcresel ekonomide Tayvan'\u0131n yar\u0131 iletken fabrikalar\u0131, k\u00fcresel finans merkezleri ve Londra ve Paris'teki 0,5% metro istasyonlar\u0131 gibi yar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131 bloke edebilecek az \u00e7ok herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilinen baz\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, 10 Ekim'de Finlandiya ile Estonya aras\u0131ndaki deniz alt\u0131 gaz boru hatt\u0131na ve telekom\u00fcnikasyon kablosuna verilen zarar\u0131n da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce Nord Stream boru hatt\u0131na yap\u0131lan sabotaj\u0131 an\u0131msatan, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez ama \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli a\u011flar da var. Deutsche Bank, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zlanda'daki bir yanarda\u011f patlamas\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa'n\u0131n hava trafi\u011finin bir saniyesini 8 g\u00fcn boyunca "durdurdu\u011funu" belirtiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hem Ukrayna hem de \u0130srail, k\u00fcresel ekonomi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu kadar \u00f6nemli noktalara yak\u0131n konumda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Kablolar ve iletkenler<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u2013 Veri kablolar\u0131:<\/strong> D\u00fcnyan\u0131n dijital ileti\u015fiminin 99%'sine ve 10 trilyon finansal i\u015flemine kadar. dolar, deniz taban\u0131nda bulunan fiber optik kablolardan ge\u00e7er. 1,4 milyon kilometreye yay\u0131lan yakla\u015f\u0131k 550 aktif ve planl\u0131 kablo bulunmaktad\u0131r. Deutsche Bank, bir\u00e7o\u011funun sulama kab\u0131ndan biraz daha kal\u0131n oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Bu kablolar casusluk, sabotaj ve kazara hasara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u2013 Denizalt\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kablolar\u0131:<\/strong> G\u00fc\u00e7 ara ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131, \u00fclkelerin daha uygun hava ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rarak ve talebi daha iyi y\u00f6neterek kom\u015fular\u0131ndan daha ucuz r\u00fczgar veya g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi sat\u0131n almas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r. Ancak sabotaj veya kaza sonucu yok edilebilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u2013 Do\u011fal gaz boru hatlar\u0131:<\/strong> Avrupa, do\u011fal gaz tedarikinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7in boru hatlar\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fal gaz\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse 40%'sini Rusya'dan ithal etti ve o zamandan beri Norve\u00e7'ten gelen boru hatlar\u0131na g\u00fcvenmek ve LNG ithal etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Nord Stream patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi bu boru hatlar\u0131 sabotaja kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u2013 Petrol boru hatlar\u0131: <\/strong>D\u00fcnyadaki petrol boru hatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Avrupa ve Asya'da bulunmaktad\u0131r ve Rusya'dan ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Tipik bir petrol boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 santimetredir ve 1 milyon litreden fazla (veya saatte 6.300 varil) ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesine sahiptir. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir varil bir seferde 200 varilden daha az\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Boru hatlar\u0131 \u00e7elikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse zemine g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Do\u011fal gaz boru hatlar\u0131 gibi bunlar da hasara, depreme ve sabotaja kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Yollar, demiryollar\u0131 ve nehirler<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Uzak yerlerdeki baz\u0131 demiryollar\u0131 ve karayollar\u0131, k\u00fcresel ekonomi i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahip tedariklerin orant\u0131s\u0131z derecede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor ve hi\u00e7bir alternatifi yok. \u00d6rne\u011fin Kongo ve Zambiya'daki geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lge, Afrika'n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bak\u0131r \u00fcreticisidir ve d\u00fcnya kobalt \u00fcretiminin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu hammaddeleri madenlerden Namibya, G\u00fcney Afrika, Mozambik ve Tanzanya'daki limanlara ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in hepsi k\u00f6t\u00fc ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k olan yaln\u0131zca d\u00f6rt yol var. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n 1 numaral\u0131 ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan Brezilya'n\u0131n soyas\u0131nda da benzer bir durum ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Son iki y\u0131lda kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan su yollar\u0131 olan nehirleri vurmas\u0131, bu ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar savunmas\u0131z oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. Deniz bo\u011fazlar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        \u00dcmit Burnu ile birlikte deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 8 \u00f6nemli \u201cbo\u011faz\u201d bulunmaktad\u0131r. Deutsche Bank'\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Dover Bo\u011faz\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p Panama Kanal\u0131, T\u00fcrk Bo\u011fazlar\u0131, Bab el Madeb Bo\u011faz\u0131 ve H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131 eklenirse bunlar Britanya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu i\u00e7in "d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kilidini a\u00e7an be\u015f anahtar" olacak. . \u00d6rne\u011fin petrolde 60%'den fazla tedarik deniz yoluyla ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor; d\u00fcnya t\u00fcketiminin be\u015fte biri (ve LNG'nin \u00fc\u00e7te biri) buradan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131 pazar i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli noktad\u0131r. H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131'n\u0131n en dar noktas\u0131 sadece 33 kilometre geni\u015fli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        Bu bo\u011fazlar ablukalara, gemi \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na veya karaya oturmalar\u0131na, korsanlara, ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na, sava\u015flara ve petrol s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 gibi kazalara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. U\u00e7ak Pistleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          Hava ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, hava ko\u015fullar\u0131, sava\u015flar veya \u0130spanya'n\u0131n hava sahas\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7en Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda bir \u00c7in f\u00fczesinin D\u00fcnya atmosferine girmesine izin vermek i\u00e7in kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 olaylar nedeniyle kesintiye u\u011frayabilecek g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez bir koridor a\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Hava trafik kontrol\u00f6rlerinin grevleri bu y\u0131l Avrupa'da b\u00fcy\u00fck ula\u015f\u0131m sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7arken, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck hava trafi\u011fi ablukas\u0131 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zlanda'daki yanarda\u011f patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. Uydular<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            D\u00fcnya ABD K\u00fcresel Konumland\u0131rma Sistemine (GPS) olduk\u00e7a ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 4 milyardan fazla kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sinyal g\u00f6nderen yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 D\u00fcnya y\u00f6r\u00fcngesindeki Konumland\u0131rma, Navigasyon ve Zamanlama (PNT) uydusunu kullan\u0131r. Ancak bu sinyaller zay\u0131f ve giri\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k ve GPS'in "kesilmesi" halinde maliyetin yaln\u0131zca ABD i\u00e7in g\u00fcnde $1 milyar\u0131 a\u015faca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            (KAYNAK: https:\/\/www.moneyreview.gr\/business-and-finance\/125480\/deutsche-bank-ta-aorata-diktya-poy-kinoyn-tin-pagkosmia-oikonomia-oi-5-adynamoi-krikoi\/)<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Cables, pipelines, roads, sea straits, air routes and satellites form the fragile network on which the global economy is built. These are invisible networks of enormous importance to the global supply chain and modern life, which, however, are only remembered when a war like the one in Ukraine or Israel threatens one of these strategic […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2977,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[174,222],"tags":[252,262,249,257,254,258,248,263,247,259,250,256,260,264,265,261,253,251,266,255],"class_list":["post-2971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maritime-shipping","category-maritime-news","tag-air-routes","tag-airstrips","tag-cables","tag-data-cables","tag-gas-conductors","tag-gas-pipelines","tag-global-economy","tag-internet-cables","tag-networks","tag-oil-pipelines","tag-pipelines","tag-power-cables","tag-railways","tag-river-networks","tag-river-transportation","tag-rivers","tag-satellites","tag-sea-straits","tag-transportation","tag-undersea-power-cables"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2971"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2971\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marine-charts.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}