(* 來源: 美國國家海洋和大氣管理局 - the 美國國家海洋和大氣管理局 (USA), the American scientific and regulatory agency - 紙質和電子海圖 ENC 上使用的符號、縮寫和術語)
查看紙上使用的符號的完整列表 海圖 (及其數字光柵圖像等價物)和用於描繪的相應符號 電子航海圖 (ENC) 數據 電子海圖顯示和信息系統 (ECDIS)。
https://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/publications/docs/us-chart-1/ChartNo1.pdf
例子:
2019 年 4 月 15 日
由美國聯合編制
Department of Commerce - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Department of Defense - National Geospatial Intelligence Agency
用於在電子海圖顯示和信息系統 (ECDIS) 上顯示電子海圖 (ENC) 的符號系統已添加到美國第 1 號海圖中。
除了美國圖表 1 的傳統字母部分中顯示的 ECDIS 符號外,現在還有幾個專門的頁面專門用於提供有關 ECDIS 的重要細節。這些頁面通過 ECDIS 圖標進行區分,如本頁面左上角所示。 ECDIS 頁面也以斜體字列在目錄中。
使用紙質海圖和 ENC 的一個主要區別是 ECDIS 能夠根據用戶設置和其他條件(例如船舶吃水)以不同方式顯示相同的特徵。一個重要的例子是,如果殘骸、岩石和其他障礙物位於或深於為船舶設定的安全等值線深度,則 ECDIS 會使用其傳統的“紙質海圖”符號顯示殘骸、岩石和其他障礙物。淺灘危險用左側所示的獨特 ECDIS“孤立危險”符號描繪。 (有關 ECDIS 安全等值線的更多信息,請參閱 ECDIS 深度描述頁面。)
與紙質海圖相比,ECDIS 提供的另一個優勢是使用戶能夠通過“光標選擇”獲得有關某個要素的更多信息。可以通過光標選擇獲得的一些特徵屬性值在整個美國圖表 1 中都有說明。如果特定值(例如高度、垂直間隙等)包含在 INT 符號描述中,則尤其如此。左側顯示的光標選擇圖標用於指示何時引用了光標選擇。
用戶可以通過光標選擇獲得許多其他屬性值,但未特別註明。這些包括但不限於目的、季節性、週期性、狀態、顏色、高度、結構類型以及特徵的視覺或雷達顯著性;浮標的形狀、顏色或顏色圖案;燈的特性;障礙物和殘骸的類別;雷達波長、無線電頻率、通信信道和呼號;存在 AIS 傳輸信號;有關引航服務的信息等等。
US Chart No. 1 是一個方便的指南 電子信息系統 用戶,但它不能替代強制性 ECDIS 培訓。
誠邀 ECDIS 用戶和開發者社區幫助改進美國圖表 1 中 ECDIS 符號和信息的呈現。請讓 NOAA 知道您希望在下一版中看到哪些其他信息。
有關美國第 1 號圖表的更正、評論或問題可通過 NOAA 海岸調查利益相關者參與和反饋網站 ASSIST 提交,網址為: www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/customerservice/assist,
或郵寄至:
美國國家海洋局,NOAA (N/CS2) 注意:US Chart No. 1
1315 East West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20912-3282
符號, 縮寫和術語
文檔部分和 ECDIS 頁面
簡介 5
原理圖 8
白天、黃昏和夜晚的調色板 9
顯眼和不顯眼的特徵 28
ECDIS 深度描繪 47
ECDIS 69 中的路由措施示例
簡體和繁體紙質圖表符號 90
縮略語索引 111
索引 117
附錄 1,IALA 海上浮標系統 128
符號部分
一般的
地形
水文
導航 艾滋病 和 服務
identify in short time the seven vital danger symbols in Marine Charts, these that could rip a hole in your boat's hull, damage your keel, bend a propeller shaft, mangle a propeller, or cause you to go aground.
There are dozens of danger symbols used on nautical charts today, but here are some of the more common ones. Know these 'ship killers' to stay safer on the waters of the world wherever you choose to sail or cruise.
1. 岩石
Note how the basic rock symbol looks like a plus sign. This means a rock that's beneath the water surface all the time. A symbol that looks like an asterisk means the rock will uncover (become visible) at low tide. A plus sign with dots in the corners means the rock lies just beneath the surface, even at low tide.
2. Islets(小島)
Small islands--called 'islets'--are common in the Bahamas, Caribbean, and Pacific. Islets surrounded by a solid line are visible at all tidal stages. A number indicates the maximum height at high tide (or charted datum). Islets surrounded by a wavy, squiggly line cover and uncover with the tide. At higher tides, the islet will be covered. A number indicates its height above water when uncovered at lower tidal stages.
3.斷路器
Breakers form when ocean swell meets a sea bottom that's only one to two times their height. For example, if a two foot swell travels over a bottom two to four feet deep, it will break.
斷路器對任何小型船隻都是危險的,因為它們會導致方向舵或螺旋槳失控。
Stay clear of any symbol like that shown in the illustration above. You may also see the abbreviation 'Br' used alone without the symbol.
4. 珊瑚礁
The world's most popular cruising grounds--Bahamas, Caribbean islands, and Pacific atolls--also contain some of the most dangerous waters. Study your navigational chart with care and look for the 'Co' abbreviation close to any rock or islet symbol.
5. 障礙物
Easy to miss on a nautical or electronic chart display, obstructions can cause damage to propellers, shafts, and keels. Many charts use only an abbreviation 'Obstn' to warn mariners. Dots around a circle mean an unknown hazard lurks beneath the surface. Tiny enclosed circles could be broken stumps, old piling remnants, or submerged poles and posts.
6. 沉船
魚骨和沈船插圖構成了最常見的沉船符號。沒有圓點的魚骨可以安全航行。製圖師將這些放在海圖上,以警告商業拖網漁船不要拖網,並警告船隻不要拋錨。給被圓點或沉船符號包圍的魚骨留出很大的距離,以免損壞船體。
7. 破壞區
Deadlier than the plague, identify, highlight, and stay clear of dashed outlines with descriptions like 'Spoil Area', 'Fish Haven', 'Fish Traps', or 'Dumping Ground'. Ever wonder where all those old cars and trucks, building material, or garbage goes? Now you know! Spoil areas never show soundings because depths change all the time.
您需要知道的危險縮寫
熟悉帶有或不帶有上述符號的危險縮寫。研究這些,直到您一目了然:
Rk, R or Rks - Rock or Rocks
Hk or Wk - Hulk or Wreck
Obstn - Submerged Obstruction
Co - Coral
Foul - Foul Ground
These additional abbreviations may be found alongside any danger symbol, or they may stand alone. For instance 'Shoal Rep' means that shallow water was reported ('Rep') at that position by a mariner, but it has not been surveyed. Stay clear of any area on your navigation chart marked by these abbreviations.
PA - Position Approximate
PD - Position Doubtful
ED - Existence Doubtful
Rep - Reported
SD - Sounding Doubtful
現在您知道如何識別世界上任何航海圖上的七個危險組符號中的任何一個。使用這些圖表導航秘訣為您提供優勢,並在您選擇巡航的任何地方確保您的船員安全無恙。
Learn more about nautical chart symbols and abbreviations. Download the free publication 'Chart No. 1: Nautical Chart Symbols, Abbreviations and Terms', 這裡.
John Jamieson (Captain John) with 25+ years of experience shows you the no-nonsense cruising skills you need for safer sailing worldwide. Visit his website at www.skippertips.com. Sign up for the Free, highly popular weekly 'Captain John's Sailing Tip-of-the-Week'. Discover how you can gain instant access to hundreds of sailing articles, videos, and e-Books!
(來源:https://www.sail-world.com/Australia/Know-these-seven-danger-nautical-chart-symbols/-107197?source=google)
海圖符號和縮寫應用程序 iTunes 應用程序
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